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统计分析博斯腾湖流域土地利用动态变化、景观格局变化以及生态系统服务价值变化和空间分布，为博斯腾湖流域生态环境改善和生态文明建设提供科学支撑。以博斯腾湖流域1995—2020年6期遥感影像数据为基础，利用ArcGis10.8软件将土地类型分成10类，分析25年间土地利用变化、景观格局变化及生态系统服务价值变化特征。结果表明：（1）流域耕地、草地、水域、裸地、建设用地、湿地以及沙地面积呈波动增长趋势；林地、冰川积雪以及盐碱地呈波动减少趋势。（2）流域在25年时间尺度内，林地的斑块数量（NP）和斑块密度（PD）最大，其次是草地；沙地和盐碱地的NP、PD和景观形状指数（LSI）均较小，说明林地的空间格局复杂性程度比较高，而沙地和盐碱地的斑块不规则化程度低，景观形状简单。（3）流域25年间生态服务价值（ESV）呈先减少后增加再减少的变化趋势，调节服务始终处于优势地位。草地、水域和冰川积雪是流域ESV变化的主要贡献因子和敏感因子。（4）流域土地生态系统服务价值分布的空间正自相关较为显著，集聚性增强。流域ESV高值区主要集中在水域及周边湿地，ESV低值区主要分布在建设用地、裸地和盐碱地地带；低高以及高低聚集范围很小且变化不明显。
Abstract：The Bosten Lake basin serves as a crucial water source conservation area for the "ecological water transfer" project in the lower reaches of Tarim River. In this study, based on remote sensing image data from 1995 to 2020, we analyzed the dynamic changes in land use, landscape pattern change indices,as well as the variations and spatial distribution of ecosystem service values in the Bosten Lake basin over the 25-year period. We aimed to provide scientific support for ecological security in the basin. Using ArcGis 10.8 software, land types were classified into ten categories, and six periods of land cover data for the Bosten Lake basin were generated for the study. Results show that:(1) The areas of farmland, grass land,surface water, bare land, construction land, wetland and sandy land in the basin presented a fluctuating growth trend, while forest land, glacial snow and saline land showed a fluctuating decrease in area.(2)Within the 25-year period, the patch number(NP) and patch density(PD) of forest land were highest, followed by grassland. In contrast, the NP, PD, and landscape shape index(LSI) of sandy land and saline-alkali land were smaller. This indicates that forest land exhibited a relatively high degree of spatial pattern complexity, while sandy and saline-alkali lands had a low level of patch irregularity and simple landscape shapes.(3) The ecological service value(ESV) of the entire basin first decreased, then increased and decreased again during the 25-year period, with the dominant position of regulating service all the time.Grassland, surface water and glacial snow were the primary contributors and most sensitive factors to changes in the watershed ESV.(4) The distribution of terrestrial ecosystem services in the watershed presented significant spatial positive autocorrelation, with enhanced agglomeration. High ESV areas in the watershed were mainly concentrated in water bodies and the surrounding wetlands, and the low ESV areas were primarily distributed in construction, bare and saline lands. The areas of low-high and high-low aggregation were very small, and the changes were not obvious. The findings of this paper provide a theoretical reference for developing ecological protection and restoration programs in the Bosten Lake basin.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202311240348
中图分类号:X171.1;P901;F301.24
引用信息:
[1]康佳佳,迪丽努尔·阿吉,李平平,等.土地利用变化对博斯腾湖流域景观格局与生态系统服务价值的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2026,47(02):15-27.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202311240348.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（42361006,41661007）