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应用环境DNA(eDNA)宏条形码技术分析大渡河干流上游鱼类群落结构，为鱼类资源保护提供科学参考。2024年6月在大渡河干流上游4座已建、9座在建及待建梯级电站的14个断面采集水样，通过eDNA提取、线粒体12S rRNA引物PCR扩增、高通量测序，结合含115种鱼类序列的自建参考数据库（占大渡河流域历史记录鱼类种数的92%）与NCBI数据库注释，开展Alpha/Beta多样性分析、冗余分析（RDA）及Mantel检验。结果显示，共检测到鱼类12种（隶属2目5科，含重口裂腹鱼、青石爬鮡2种国家Ⅱ级保护鱼），占上游历史记录种数的54.17%;Alpha多样性表明大渡河上游已建水电站中猴子岩坝下、长河坝坝下及待建水电站中丹巴坝下鱼类丰富度与多样性均较高；非量度多维尺度（NMDS）分析表明，不同电站坝下鱼类群落存在分化，但组间差异不显著（R=0.12,P>0.05），地理邻近或环境相似区域群落相似性较高；RDA显示，8个环境因子对鱼类群落的总解释度为37.08%,Mantel检验证实p H值对鱼类群落结构有显著影响（0.01 In this study, environmental DNA(eDNA) metabarcoding was used to analyze the fish community structure in the upper mainstem of Dadu River. Our aim was to provide a reference for fish resource conservation in the upper Dadu River and to verify the applicability of eDNA metabarcoding for fish monitoring in this region. In June 2024, water samples, along with data on hydrology and environmental factors were collected at 14 river sections across 4 constructed and 9 under-construction reservoirs in the upper Dadu River. A reference database containing the sequences of 115 fish species(92% of the fish species historically recorded in Dadu River) with annotations from the NCBI database was constructed. Then, based on the results of eDNA metabarcoding and standard analysis of the water samples, we carried out alpha/beta diversity analysis of the fish community, and redundancy analysis(RDA) and Mantel testing of the relationship between the fish diversity and environmental factors. A total of 12 fish species from 5 families and 2 orders were detected, accounting for 54.17% of the historically recorded species in the upper Dadu River. Among the 12 fish species, there were two Class II national protected species(Schizothorax davidi and Euchiloglanis davidi). The alpha-diversity index shows that fish species richness and diversity were high in the river sections below Houziyan and Changhe dams(constructed) and Danba dam(under-construction). Non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS) analysis indicates there was a differentiation of the fish communities downstream of different hydropower stations, but a higher community similarity in regions that were geographically adjacent or had similar environmental conditions. Redundancy analysis shows that eight environmental factors explained 37.08% of the variation in fish community structure. The Mantel test shows that p H had a significant impact on fish community structure(0.01
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508190001
中图分类号:S931.1
引用信息:
[1]李佳,熊灿林,赵娜,等.基于eDNA宏条形码技术的大渡河上游鱼类群落结构分析[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(06):162-169.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508190001.
基金信息:
国能大渡河流域水电开发有限公司技术服务项目（GJNY-DDH-2023-001）; 湖北省重点研发计划项目（2023EHA070）
2025-11-15
2025-11-15