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研究大渡河水文情势变化，为大渡河水生态环境保护与修复及大渡河梯级电站联合生态调度提供参考与借鉴。选取大渡河丹巴、泸定和沙坪水文站1960—2023年的逐日流量数据为研究资料，采用多种方法进行径流趋势和变异分析，并应用生态水文指标变化范围法（IHA-RVA）综合评价了大渡河的水文情势改变程度。结果表明，大渡河丹巴、泸定和沙坪水文站的年均流量趋势变化和突变不显著。丹巴站、泸定站32项水文指标改变度大多以中低度改变为主，中低度指标占比分别为94%、81%；沙坪站以中高度改变为主，中高度指标占比为75%。高改变度指标数量从上游到下游依次增加，低度改变度指标则依次减少。大渡河丹巴、泸定和沙坪水文站整体的水文改变度分别为42%、57%、69%，分别为中度、中度和高度改变。年最大1日、最小1日平均流量指标，年最小流量出现时间，年出现低流量脉冲事件的次数和历时，流量平均上涨率、下降率和逆转次数，可以作为瀑布沟水库群生态调度需求特征值。
Abstract：The basis for this study was the daily flow data for Dadu River recorded at the Danba, Luding,and Shaping hydrological stations from 1960 to 2023. Multiple methods were used to analyze runoff variation and trends, and the Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration-Range of Variability Approach(IHA-RVA)was used to comprehensively evaluate changes in the hydrological regimes of Dadu River. Our aim was to provide a reference and theoretical foundation for protecting and restoring aquatic ecology in the Dadu River basin, and for the joint ecological operation of cascaded hydropower stations on the Dadu River.There were no significant or abrupt changes in the annual flow at the three Dadu River hydrological stations. At Danba and Luding stations, most of the 32 hydrological indicators exhibited low(94%) to moderate(81%) degrees of alteration. In contrast, the Shaping station indicators showed mostly(75%) moderate to high degrees of alteration. The number of indicators with high degrees of alteration increased from upstream to downstream, with those showing low degrees of alteration exhibiting a corresponding decrease.The overall degrees of hydrological change at the Danba, Luding, and Shaping hydrological stations were,respectively, 42%(moderate), 57%(moderate), and 69%(high). The construction and operation of the cascaded hydropower stations on Dadu River have impacted the hydrology of Dadu River. We suggest the following hydrologic parameters for guiding the ecological operation of the cascaded reservoirs on Dadu River: annual maximum 1-day and minimum 1-day average discharges, occurrence time of annual minimum flow, frequency and duration of annual low-flow pulse events, mean flow rise rate, fall rate, and reversal frequency. This research supports the restoration of aquatic ecology and the optimal ecological operation of cascaded hydropower stations on Dadu River.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508190002
中图分类号:P333
引用信息:
[1]熊灿林,李佳,朱艳军,等.1960—2023年大渡河水文情势变化研究[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(06):105-113.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508190002.
基金信息:
国能大渡河流域水电开发有限公司技术服务项目（GJNY-DDH-2023-001）