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开展金沙江下游向家坝水库生态调度目标鱼类筛选研究，为该水库“人造洪峰”调度优化提供科学参考。以长江上游保护区江段内38种产漂流性卵土著鱼类为备选对象，构建涵盖初次性成熟年龄、产卵场分布等8项指标的筛选体系，结合打分线性排序法与打分等级排序法，筛选“人造洪峰”生态调度目标鱼类，最终确定向家坝水库调度的优先目标鱼类种类及排序。结果显示：（1）所构建的指标体系可充分反映不同产漂流性卵鱼类的生态调度需求，其中产卵涨水明显依赖型鱼类、有坝下产卵场的鱼类、濒危/保护等级高及建坝影响大的鱼类，生态调度需求更高；（2）综合打分线性排序法和打分等级排序法可明确“人造洪峰”生态调度目标鱼类的优先调度顺序，长薄鳅得分最高，圆口铜鱼、鳙、长鳍吻鮈、红唇薄鳅及铜鱼、四大家鱼等鱼类得分均居前列；鱼类按生态调度需求聚类为4组，其中组1含高需求参照物种及长薄鳅、圆口铜鱼，组2为铜鱼、四大家鱼等种质资源鱼类，组3为红唇薄鳅、宽体沙鳅等特有或保护鱼类，组4为生态调度需求最低的鱼类；（3）优先调度鱼类包括国家重点保护鱼类（长薄鳅、圆口铜鱼、长鳍吻鮈等）、长江上游特有鱼类（宽体沙鳅、小眼薄鳅等）及重要种质资源鱼类（铜鱼、青鱼、草鱼、鲢、鳙等）；多数目标鱼类适宜产卵水温在18℃以上，繁殖时间为3—8月。
Abstract：In this study, we conducted research on the selection of target fish species for ecological operation of Xiangjiaba reservoir in the lower reaches of Jinsha River, aiming to provide a scientific reference for optimizing “artificial flood peak” operation of the reservoir. Thirty-eight drift-spawning indigenous fish species in the upper Yangtze River nature reserve were selected as candidate species, and a screening system covering 8 indicators(age at sexual maturity, spawning habitat preference, geographical endemism, spawning ground distribution, population resource status, protection status, endangerment status,impact of dam construction) was established. Target fish species for “artificial flood peak” ecological operation were then ranked using a combination of scoring-based linear and hierarchical methods. Finally,the species and priority ranking of target fish for the ecological operation of Xiangjiaba Reservoir were determined. Results show that:(1) The constructed indicator system fully reflected the ecological operation needs of different drift-spawning fish species. Specifically, fish species highly dependent on rising water for spawning, those with spawning grounds downstream of the dam, highly endangered/protected species,and species severely affected by dam construction have higher demands for ecological operation.(2) The combination of the scoring-based linear ranking method and scoring-based hierarchical ranking method clarified the priority of target fish species. Leptobotia elongata had the highest score, followed by Coreius guichenoti, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, Rhinogobio ventralis, Leptobotia rubrilabris, as well as Coreius heterodon and the “Four Major Chinese Carps”(Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The fish species were clustered into 4 groups based on the need for ecological operation: Group 1 included the high-demand reference species, Leptobotia elongata and Coreius guichenoti; Group 2 was composed of germplasm resource species such as Coreius heterodon and the “Four Major Chinese Carps”; Group 3 contained endemic or protected species like Leptobotia rubrilabris and Sinibotia reevesae; and Group 4 included species with the lowest ecological operation needs.(3) The priority target species include national key protected fish species(Leptobotia elongata, Coreius guichenoti, Rhinogobio ventralis), species endemic to the Upper Yangtze River(Sinibotia reevesae, Leptobotia microphthalma), and important germplasm resource species(Coreius heterodon, Mylopharyngodon piceus, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Most of the target fish species require a spawning water temperature above 18 ℃, with spawning periods from March until August.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202507130002
中图分类号:TV697.11;X322;Q958.8
引用信息:
[1]陈忠贤,朱其广,潘增,等.金沙江下游向家坝水库“人造洪峰”生态调度目标鱼类筛选研究[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(06):35-44.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202507130002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划课题（2024YFC3210904）; 中国三峡集团有限公司科研项目（0704208）; 中国长江三峡集团有限公司自主科研项目（BNYG202300648）