| 173 | 0 | 108 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
研究三峡水库变动回水区鱼类产卵栖息地的适宜性，分析不同工况的影响，为水库梯级生态调度及协调水库运行与长江上游鱼类资源保护提供科学依据。聚焦三峡水库变动回水区木洞镇-长寿江段，以圆筒吻鮈和铜鱼为研究对象，基于野外调查和历史数据，构建一维水动力模型（HEC-RAS）与CASiMiR-1D栖息地模型，结合2种鱼类产卵期的水深、流速需求，采用模糊逻辑方法开展不同水位-流量工况下鱼类产卵栖息地适宜性评价，并对评价模型进行验证。结果显示，2种鱼均在水位150 m、流量10 000 m3/s时达到最佳栖息地条件，其产卵栖息地适宜性随水位上升呈非线性衰减，水位超过160 m时栖息地质量显著恶化，高水位下需更大流量才能部分缓解不利影响，且150～155 m水位结合8 000～12 000 m3/s流量构成最优工况窗口；研究明确水位是2种鱼类产卵栖息地退化的主导因子，流量调节仅能在有限范围内缓解高水位的不利影响，建议在繁殖季（4—6月）实施上述最优工况的生态调度方案。
Abstract：The operation of Three Gorges Reservoir has significantly changed the hydrological regimes of the reservoir area, forming a unique hydrodynamic environment in the fluctuating backwater area and seriously impacting the spawning habitat of fish endemic to the upper reaches of Yangtze River. In this study, Rhinogobio cylindricus and Coreius heterodon were selected for research, and we evaluated the spawning habitats of the two species in the fluctuating backwater zone of Three Georges Reservoir. The study was based on field surveys of early stage fish resource and historical data at Mudongzhen-Changshou section of the fluctuating backwater area. Taking water depth and flow velocity as the key environmental factors, a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model and a CASiMiR-1D habitat suitability model were constructed, and the fuzzy logic method was used to simulate and evaluate the suitability of spawning habitats in the fluctuating backwater zone under different operating conditions. The aim of the study was to provide scientific support for the ecological operation of cascaded reservoirs and conservation of fishery resources in the upper Yangtze River. Results show that different combinations of water level and flow rate significantly alter water depth and flow velocity distribution in the Mudongzhen-Changshou section of the fluctuating backwater zone. The optimal spawning habitat suitability for both R. cylindricus and C. heterodon is at a water level of 150 m and a flow rate of 10 000 m3/s, with weighted usable areas(WUA) of 6.9 km2 and 10.1 km2, respectively. Spawning habitat suitability exhibited a nonlinear decline with rising water level, and habitat quality deteriorated significantly when the water level exceeded 160 m.As water level rises, a larger flow is required to maintain a suitable spawning area for the two fish species.Our study also revealed that water level is the dominant factor in spawning habitat degradation, and flow regulation can only alleviate the adverse effects of high-water level to a limited extent. Further analysis showed that a water level of 150-155m combined with a flow of 8 000-12 000 m3/s is optimal for spawning,and we recommend ecological operation during the breeding season of the two species(April-June). This research provides a scientific basis for coordinating reservoir operation to protect fish resources.
班璇, 2011.中华鲟产卵栖息地的生态需水量[J].水利学报,42(1):47-55.BAN X, 2011. Ecological flow requirement for Chinese stur-geon spawning habitat[J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineer-ing, 42(1):47-55.
班璇,姜刘志,曾小辉,等, 2014.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游水沙时空变化的定量评估[J].水科学进展, 25(5):650-657.BAN X, JIANG L Z, ZENG X H, et al, 2014. Quantifying thespatio-temporal variation of flow and sediment in the Mid-dle Yangtze River after the impoundment of the ThreeGorges[J]. Advances in Water Science, 25(5):650-657.
常剑波,陈永柏,高勇,等, 2008.水利水电工程对鱼类的影响及减缓对策[C]//中国水利学会2008学术年会论文集（上册）,海口:696-707.
董谋, 2022.长江上游涪陵至丰都江段鱼类栖息地分布及水力特征[D].重庆:重庆交通大学.
郭义浩, 2015.三峡库区回水变动区水位流量关系分析[J].中国水运,(9):60-61.
韩毓,何勇凤,苟钟友,等, 2025.长江十年禁渔后长江上游圆筒吻鮈生长特征及其变化[J].水生生物学报, 49(2):34-42.HAN Y, HE Y F, GOU Z Y, et al, 2025. Growth characteristicsand changes of Rhinogobio cylindricus in the upper reach-es of the Yangtze River after ten-year fishing ban[J]. ActaHydrobiologica Sinica, 49(2):34-42.
郎伟翔, 2025.三峡变动回水区鱼类分布影响因素研究[J].环境科学与管理, 50(3):149-154.LANG W X, 2025. Analysis on factors affecting fish distribu-tion in fluctuating backwater area of Three Gorges Reser-voir[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 50(3):149-154.
刘飞,林鹏程,黎明政,等, 2019.长江流域鱼类资源现状与保护对策[J].水生生物学报, 43(增刊1):144-156.
黎明政,马琴,陈林,等, 2019.三峡水库产漂流性卵鱼类繁殖现状及水文需求研究[J].水生生物学报, 43(增刊1):84-96.
林鹏程,王春伶,刘飞,等, 2019.水电开发背景下长江上游流域鱼类保护现状与规划[J].水生生物学报, 43(增刊1):130-143.
杨威,舒政博,张先炳,等, 2025.基于环境DNA宏条形码的三峡水库变动回水区鱼类多样性研究[J].水生态学杂志, 46(2):122-133.YANG W, SHU Z B, ZHANG X B, et al, 2025. Fish diversityin the backwater area of Three Gorges Reservoir based oneDNA metabarcoding[J]. Journal of Hydroecology, 46(2):122-133.
杨志,龚云,胡挺,等, 2023.三峡库区涪陵江段产漂流性卵鱼类的早期资源及其对水文和水温特征的响应[J].湖泊科学, 35(2):586-600.YANG Z, GONG Y, HU T, et al, 2023. Fish resources of theearly life history stages in the Fuling section of the ThreeGorges Reservoir and their responses to hydrological andthermal characteristics[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 35(2):586-600.
易燃,陈小娟,杨志,等, 2024a.基于栖息地法的水库变动回水区鱼类产卵场生态流量及调控策略研究[J].水生态学杂志, 45(5):85-96.YI R, CHEN X J, YANG Z, et al, 2024a. Ecological flow andcontrol strategies of fish spawning grounds in the fluctuat-ing backwater area of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J]. Jour-nal of Hydroecology, 45(5):85-96.
易燃,陶江平,杨志,等, 2024b.改进的栖息地法求解多种产漂流性卵鱼类生态流量方法研究[J].中国农村水利水电(9):45-51, 59.YI R, TAO J P, YANG Z, et al, 2024b. A study on the improvedhabitat method for solving the ecological flow of variousfish with pelagic eggs[J]. China Rural Water and Hydro-power,(9):45-51, 59.
袁晶,许全喜,董炳江,等, 2023.近20年来三峡水库泥沙淤积及其对库区的影响[J].湖泊科学, 35(2):632-641.YUAN J, XU Q X, DONG B J, et al, 2023. Sediment deposi-tion of Three Gorges Reservoir and its impact on the reser-voir area in recent 20 years[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences,35(2):632-641.
张阳春, 2022.长江上游涪陵至丰都典型江段底栖动物群落特征及适宜性研究[D].重庆:重庆交通大学.
赵越,周建中,常剑波,等, 2013.模糊逻辑在物理栖息模拟中的应用[J].水科学进展, 24(3):427-435.ZHAO Y, ZHOU J Z, CHANG J B, et al, 2013. Application offuzzy logic for physical habitat simulation[J]. Advances inWater Science, 24(3):427-435.
BAO Y H, GAO P, HE X B, 2015. The water-level fluctuationzone of Three Gorges Reservoir:a unique geomorphologi-cal unit[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 150:14-24.
BELLETTI B, DE LEANIZ C G, JONES J, et al, 2020. Morethan one million barriers fragment Europe’s rivers[J]. Na-ture, 588(7838):436-441.
HARRIS A, MULCHANDANI A, STONE M, 2024. Develop-ing a habitat suitability index with field data and hydraulicmodels[J]. River Research and Applications, 40(10):1903-1911.
HUMPHRIES P, LAKE P S, 2000. Fish larvae and the manage-ment of regulated rivers[J]. Regulated Rivers:Research&Management, 16(5):421-432.
MA C, XU R, HE W, et al, 2020. Determining the limitingwater level of early flood season by combining multiob-jective optimization scheduling and Copula Joint Distri-bution Function:a case study of Three Gorges Reser-voir[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 737:139789.
OLDEN J D, NAIMAN R J, 2010. Incorporating thermal re-gimes into environmental flows assessments:modifyingdam operations to restore freshwater ecosystem integrity[J]. Freshwater Biology, 55(1):86-107.
POFF N L, RICHTER B D, ARTHINGTON A H, et al, 2010.The ecological limits of hydrologic alteration(ELOHA):anew framework for developing regional environmentalflow standards[J]. Freshwater Biology, 55(1):147-170.
SHI Y, FAN J T, GUO F, et al, 2025. Fish indicator species andecological restoration measures in the Three Gorges Reser-voir[J]. Ecological Engineering, 211:107465.
TANG Q, BAO Y H, HE X B, et al, 2016. Flow regulation ma-nipulates contemporary seasonal sedimentary dynamics inthe Reservoir Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reser-voir, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 548:410-420.
WANG L, XIE Q R, YANG S F, et al, 2024. Dam-induced dif-ference of fish habitat distribution in the fluctuating back-water zone of the Three Gorges Dam[J]. Ecohydrology, 17(5):e2657.
WU J G, HUANG J H, HAN X G, et al, 2004. The Three Gorg-es Dam:an ecological perspective[J]. Frontiers in Ecologyand the Environment, 2(5):241-248.
XIAO Y, DENG J H, YANG S F, et al, 2022. Study on thespawning habitat suitability of Four Major Chinese Carpsin the fluctuating backwater area of the Three Gorges Res-ervoir[J]. Ecological Indicators, 143:109314.
XUE X H, SUN Y, 2021. Effects of the Three Gorges Reser-voir impoundment on the hydrological conditions for pota-modromous fish spawning[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosci-ences, 14(4):327.
YAN S, QIN T L, ZHANG X Y, et al, 2024. Assessment of fishhabitats and suitable ecological flow under hydropoweroperation[J]. Water, 16(4):569.
YI Y J, CHENG X, YANG Z F, et al, 2017. Evaluating the eco-logical influence of hydraulic projects:a review of aquatichabitat suitability models[J]. Renewable and SustainableEnergy Reviews, 68:748-762.
ZARFL C, BERLEKAMP J, HE F Z, et al, 2019. Future largehydropower dams impact global freshwater megafauna[J].Scientific Reports, 9(1):18531.
ZHANG H, JARI?I, ROBERTS D L, et al, 2020. Extinctionof one of the world’s largest freshwater fishes:lessons forconserving the endangered Yangtze fauna[J]. Science ofthe Total Environment, 710:136242.
ZHANG H Y, SUN T, SHAO D D, et al, 2016. Fuzzy LogicMethod for evaluating habitat suitability in an estuary af-fected by land reclamation[J]. Wetlands, 36(1):19-30.
ZHANG P, CAI L, YANG Z, et al, 2018. Evaluation of fishhabitat suitability using a Coupled Ecohydraulic Model:habitat model selection and prediction[J]. River Researchand Applications, 34(8):937-947.
ZHANG P, QIAO Y, SCHINEIDER M, et al, 2019. Using aHizerarchical Model Framework to assess climate changeand hydropower operation impacts on the habitat of an im-periled fish in the Jinsha River, China[J]. Science of theTotal Environment, 646:1624-1638.
ZHOU J Z, ZHAO Y, SONG L X, et al, 2014. Assessing the ef-fect of the Three Gorges Reservoir impoundment onspawning habitat suitability of Chinese sturgeon(Acipens-er sinensis) in Yangtze River, China[J]. Ecological Infor-matics, 20:33-46.
ZHOU Y J, WANG G Q, WU H L, et al, 2024. Changes inflow and sediment transport caused by cascade hydropow-er in the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River and their influ-ence on spawning of Coreius heterodon[J]. Catena, 235:107622.
基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508020001
中图分类号:S931.1
引用信息:
[1]李杨,林东升,唐金勇,等.三峡水库变动回水区鱼类产卵栖息地模拟与评价[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(06):58-70.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202508020001.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目(52179142);国家自然科学基金项目(52200233); 湖北省技术创新重点研发项目(2023BCB110); 重庆嘉陵江利泽航电开发有限公司科研项目(LZ-DL-2024-021)