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2024年5—7月在大渡河沙坪二级坝下峨边断面开展鱼类早期资源监测，初步分析产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的水文需求。鱼类早期资源监测结果表明：峨边断面共采集到卵苗17种，其中漂流性鱼卵种类有4种，包括3种珍稀特有鱼类红唇薄鳅(Leptobotia rubrilabris)、长薄鳅(L.elongata)、短身金沙鳅(Jinshaia abbreviata)；流经峨边段面的卵苗总径流量为654.48×104粒(尾)，其中鱼卵径流量为68.20×104粒(尾)，鱼苗径流量为586.28×104尾。随机森林模型分析结果表明，影响大渡河沙坪二级及以下江段漂流性鱼卵密度的最重要因素为产卵的日平均流量和产卵前流量的上涨量；产漂流性卵鱼类自然繁殖的适宜水文条件为流量在750～2 000 m3/s和3 500～4 300 m3/s间、流量上涨量在180～350 m3/s和900～1 200 m3/s间，以及产卵前持续涨水天数在3～7 d。建议开展鱼类早期资源持续监测和生态调度深入研究，加强大渡河沙坪二级坝下江段鱼类栖息地保护和重要鱼类人工增殖放流，适时开展电站联合生态调度以促进鱼类自然繁殖。
Abstract：Ecological operation and habitat protection are important measures for fishery resource conservation in Dadu river below Shaping secondary hydropower station. In this study, monitoring of early stage fish resources was carried out in the Ebian section of Dadu River from May to July 2024, and the hydrological requirements for natural reproduction of fishes with drifting eggs were analyzed, along with the effects of interacting environmental factors on fish egg density. The analysis was based on monitoring results and the random forest model and our aim was to provide a scientific basis for ecological operation of the hydropower station and downstream habitat protection. The eggs and fry of 17 fish species of were collected from the Ebian section, including 4 species with drifting eggs and 3 rare species(Leptobotia rubrilabris, Leptobotia elongata, and Jinshaia abbreviate) endemic to the upper Yangtze River. Based on the developmental stage of the collected eggs, the spawning ground of the fish with drifting eggs was estimated to be 3.2-10.5 km upstream of the sampling site. The total runoff of eggs and fry flowing through the Ebian section was 654.48×104 ind, consisting of an egg runoff of 68.20×104 ind and a fry runoff of 586.28×104 ind. The random forest model analysis shows that the most important factors affecting the egg density of drift-spawning fishes in the river section below the hydropower dam were the daily average flow rate during spawning and the increase of flow rate before spawning. Suitable hydrological conditions for the natural reproduction of fishes with drifting eggs were as follows: flow rates in the ranges of750-2 000 m3/s and 3 500-4 300m3/s, flow rate increases in the ranges of 180-350 m3/s and 900-1 200 m3/s,and a continuous water level rise for 3-7 days. To promote the natural reproduction of fish species in the river section below the dam, we recommend carrying out continuous monitoring of early stage fish resources, in-depth research on ecological regulation, strengthening fish habitat protection, artificial breeding and release of important fish species downstream of the dam, and well timed joint ecological regulation of cascaded power stations.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.15928/j.1674-3075.202507150002
中图分类号:S931
引用信息:
[1]刘四华,曲田,牟时宇,等.大渡河沙坪二级坝下鱼类自然繁殖特征及水文需求初步研究[J].水生态学杂志,2025,46(06):45-57.DOI:10.15928/j.1674-3075.202507150002.
基金信息:
国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFC3200304）; 国能大渡河流域水电开发有限公司技术服务项目（GJNY-DDH-2023-001）; 湖北省重点研发计划项目（2023EHA070）